Portugal: Boer War Refugees Red-Brown Terracotta “Huldepenning” |
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| Form: | Ornate oblong cast in red-brown terracotta with an attached loop for a narrow blue-white ribbon. | ||||||||
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| By: | Avelino António Soares Belo, Portugal | ||||||||
| Date: | 1901 | ||||||||
| Ref: |
Hern: 418; ME: Portugal 1; Laidlaw: 0829a; |
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| Variations: |
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| Edge: |
Plain. Thickness ~6 mm. |
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| Obverse: |
Bust of Kruger, left, as on ZAR coinage. Coats of arms on each corner: Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek (top left), Orange Free State (top right), Caldas da Rainha (bottom left), Portugal (bottom right). |
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| Reverse: |
At the top across in arcs: “A COMISSÃO ANGARIADORA DE DONATIVOS / DOS / REFUGIADOS BOERS (the commission for raising donations for Boer refugees)”. Below that a list of names: “APOLONIA SALLES E SOUSA / EMILIA GRANGER PINTO / ERMELINDA CARNEIRO RIBEIRO / ERNESTINA LIMA D’ANDRADE MENDOCA / GUILHERMINA D’OLIVERIA PROENCA / HENRIQUETTA DA CUNHA GARCIA / MARIA JOSE HENRIQUES D’AVELLAR / MARIA LE AL MARTINS PEPEIRA / PALIMIRA DE MELLO ANDRADE”. After that : "CALDAS DA RAINHA (left) Offe.(right)". At the bottom in larger ornate letters: “NATAL DE 1901 (Christmas 1901)”. |
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| Notes: |
The loop at the top of the medal for the ribbon has been broken off in this example. A medal produced to pay tribute ladies who helped raise funds in aid of the Boer refugees in Portugal. When it became apparent that the British were gaining the upper hand in the war a number of Boer soldiers and their families took refuge in neighbouring Mozambique to avoid further fighting or to escape capture and incarceration. It is recorded that 670 refugees came from the Transvaal or the Orange Free State and 150 from the Cape Colony. Under international agreements for the treatment of war refugees they had to be disarmed and placed in internment camps until the end of hostilities. Because facilities were insufficient in Mozambique and also because of diplomatic pressure from Great Britain, the Portuguese authorities decided to transport the refugees to Portugal. This they did in three ships, the Benguela, the Zaire and the Alphonso de Albuquerque. On arrival in Portugal the refugees were placed in five camps, Caldas da Rainha, Peniche, Alcobaca, Fort de S. Gutias de Bara and Tomar where they were well treated. At the end of the war most refugees were repatriated to South Africa after taking the oath of allegiance to King Edward VII. Those who refused were offered new homes in Patagonia in Southern Argentina. Between 1902 and 1906 other displaced Boers joined them. It is reported that their descendants number about 500 some of whom still can speak Afrikaans and retain something of the Boer culture. Avelino António Soares Belo (1872-1927) was a Portuguese artist/potter who worked in Caldas da Rainha. |
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